Database : HANSEN Search on : ANTIINFECCIOSOS/TU [Subject descriptor] References found : 2 [refine] Displaying: 1 .. 2   in format [Detailed]

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Id: 17691 Author: Scollard, D. M; Adams, L. B; Gillis, T. P; Krahenbuhl, J. L; Truman, R. W; Williams, D. L Title: The continuing challenges of leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2006. 44 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Leprosy is best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses in humans. The second is a peripheral neuropathy that is initiated by the infection and the accompanying immunological events. The infection is curable but not preventable, and leprosy remains a major global health problem, especially in the developing world, publicity to the contrary notwithstanding. Mycobacterium leprae remains noncultivable, and for over a century leprosy has presented major challenges in the fields of microbiology, pathology, immunology, and genetics; it continues to do so today. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of M. leprae and the host response to it, especially concerning molecular identification of M. leprae, knowledge of its genome, transcriptome, and proteome, its mechanisms of microbial resistance, and recognition of strains by variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Advances in experimental models include studies in gene knockout mice and the development of molecular techniques to explore the armadillo model. In clinical studies, notable progress has been made concerning the immunology and immunopathology of leprosy, the genetics of human resistance, mechanisms of nerve injury, and chemotherapy. In nearly all of these areas, however, leprosy remains poorly understood compared to other major bacterial diseases. (AU). Descriptors: Antiinfecciosos/TU Proteínas de Bactérias/ME Vacinas Bacterianas Modelos Animais de Doenças Suscetibilidade à Doença/IM Resistência Bacteriana a Drogas Genes Bacterianos/GE Predisposição Genética para Doença Genoma Bacteriano Imunidade Celular Imunidade Natural/GE Hansenostáticos/PD/TU Hanseníase/*/DI/MI/TH Mycobacterium leprae/*/CH/DE/IP/PH Nervos Periféricos/MI Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/MI/PA Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Células de Schwann/IM/MI Limits: HUMANO ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Location: BR191.1; 09365/S

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Id: 17310 Author: Grimald, J; Vallat, J. M Title: Manifestations neurologiques de la lepre Neurological manifestations of leprosy- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 19 p. . Abstract: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Bacilli localize preferentially in the skin and peripheral nerves and have a propensity to cause nerve damage. The resulting disability has caused great suffering for victims in many countries. Despite recent advances in the immunopathogenesis, epidemiology and prognostic factors of leprosy nerve damage, many aspects of the disease have remained enigmatic. The spectrum of clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease ranges from lepromatous to tuberculoid, depending on the host's T-cell-mediated immune response. Diagnosis is based on three criteria: characteristic skin lesions in association with thickened nerves, demonstration of acid fast bacilli in slit skin smears, and histopathology of skin biopsies. Nerve biopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis of pure "neural leprosy". In developed countries, the diagnosis is suspected when a patient who has stayed in an endemic area suffers from a peripheral neuropathy of unknown etiology. To facilitate determination of the appropriate antibiotic regimen, patients are classified as either paucibacillary or multibacillary. Some patients may have multibacillary leprosy in nerves and paucibacillary leprosy in skin, which emphasizes the usefulness of nerve biopsy. The course of the disease is often complicated by immune mediated "reactions", which can rapidly lead to further nerve damage, namely reversal reaction and erythema nodosum leprosy. However, nerves are often functionally impaired before developing obvious symptoms such as skin reactions or nevralgia (silent neuropathy). Early recognition and prompt treatment with corticosteroids of leprous reactions and "silent neuropathies" is very important to prevent disability with all its attendant problems. Research progress from clinical trials may improve current methods of prevention and treatment of nerve damage in leprosy.(AU). Descriptors: Antiinfecciosos/TU Biópsia Diagnóstico Diferencial Hanseníase/DT/*PA/VI Mycobacterium leprae/IP Nervos Periféricos/*PA/VI Pele/VI Limits: Humano Location: BR191.1; 00254/s

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