Database : HANSEN Search on : GENOMA [Subject descriptor] References found : 15 [refine] Displaying: 1 .. 15   in format [Detailed]

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Id: 19547 Author: Matsuoka, Masanori; Maeda, Shinji; Kai, Masanori; Nakata, Noboru; Chae, Gue-Tae; Gillis, Thomas P; Kobayashi, Kazuo; Izumi, Shinzo; Kashiwabara, Yoshiko. Title: Mycobacterium leprae typing by genomic diversity and global distribution of genotypes. Source: Int. J. Lepr;68(2):121-128, Jun., 2000. tab, graf, mapa. Abstract: The genetic diversity and related global distribution of 51 Mycobacterium leprae isolates were studied. Isolates were obtained from leprosy patients from 12 geographically distinct regions of the world and two were obtained from nonhuman sources. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing was performed targeting the rpoT gene of M. leprae. Isolates were classified into two groups based on the number of tandem repeats composed of 6 base pairs in the rpoT gene. Isolates from Japan (except Okinawa) and Korea belonged to one group, while those from Southeast Asian countries, Brazil, Haiti and Okinawa in Japan belonged to a second genotype. M. leprae obtained from two nonhuman sources (an armadillo and a mangabey monkey) revealed the latter genotype. These results demonstrate the genetic diversity of M. leprae and the related genotype-specific distribution in the world. (AU)^ien. Descriptors: Mycobacterium leprae/genet Genoma/genet Genótipo Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2000/pdf/v68n2/v68n2a01.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 18099 Author: Trautman, J. R; Enna, C. D Title: Leprosy ?- Source: s.l; s.n; s.d. 38p p. ilus. Abstract: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of man which, depending on the type of the disease present, affects primarily the peripheral nerves, skin, mucous membranes, eyes, testes, and bone. There are two polar types, viz, lepromatous leprosy, a generalized process, and tuberculoid leprosy, a localized disease. A third type, dimorphous (borderline) leprosy, encompasses features of both polar types, and a fourth type, indeterminate leprosy, is an early, mild, undifferentiated form. Leprosy is often referred to as Hansen's disease. Descriptors: HANSENIASE/clas HANSENIASE/diag HANSENIASE/epidemiol HANSENIASE/imunol HANSENIASE/terap HANSENIASE/compl HANSENIASE/prev - GENOMA BACTERIANO  EDUCACAO DO PACIENTE/tend  POLITICA DE SAUDE  SERVICOS DE SAUDE COMUNITARIA Location: BR191.1; 00524/s

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Id: 18098 Author: Engers, H; Morel, C. M Title: Focus: leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2002. 2p p. . Descriptors: HANSENIASE/epidemiol HANSENIASE/prev - POLITICA DE SAUDE/tend  GENOMA BACTERIANO Limits: HUMANO Location: BR191.1; 01026/s

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Id: 17691 Author: Scollard, D. M; Adams, L. B; Gillis, T. P; Krahenbuhl, J. L; Truman, R. W; Williams, D. L Title: The continuing challenges of leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2006. 44 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Leprosy is best understood as two conjoined diseases. The first is a chronic mycobacterial infection that elicits an extraordinary range of cellular immune responses in humans. The second is a peripheral neuropathy that is initiated by the infection and the accompanying immunological events. The infection is curable but not preventable, and leprosy remains a major global health problem, especially in the developing world, publicity to the contrary notwithstanding. Mycobacterium leprae remains noncultivable, and for over a century leprosy has presented major challenges in the fields of microbiology, pathology, immunology, and genetics; it continues to do so today. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of M. leprae and the host response to it, especially concerning molecular identification of M. leprae, knowledge of its genome, transcriptome, and proteome, its mechanisms of microbial resistance, and recognition of strains by variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Advances in experimental models include studies in gene knockout mice and the development of molecular techniques to explore the armadillo model. In clinical studies, notable progress has been made concerning the immunology and immunopathology of leprosy, the genetics of human resistance, mechanisms of nerve injury, and chemotherapy. In nearly all of these areas, however, leprosy remains poorly understood compared to other major bacterial diseases. (AU). Descriptors: Antiinfecciosos/TU Proteínas de Bactérias/ME Vacinas Bacterianas Modelos Animais de Doenças Suscetibilidade à Doença/IM Resistência Bacteriana a Drogas Genes Bacterianos/GE Predisposição Genética para Doença Genoma Bacteriano Imunidade Celular Imunidade Natural/GE Hansenostáticos/PD/TU Hanseníase/*/DI/MI/TH Mycobacterium leprae/*/CH/DE/IP/PH Nervos Periféricos/MI Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/MI/PA Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Células de Schwann/IM/MI Limits: HUMANO ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T Location: BR191.1; 09365/S

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Id: 17688 Author: Geluk, Annemieke; Ottenhoff, Tom H. M Title: HLA and leprosy in the pre and postgenomic eras ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2006. 7 p. graf. Abstract: Leprosy has intrigued immunologists for many decades. Despite minimal genetic variation between Mycobacterium leprae isolates worldwide, two completely different forms of the disease can develop in the susceptible human host: localized, tuberculoid, or paucibacillary leprosy, which can heal spontaneously, and disseminating, lepromatous, or multibacillary leprosy, which is progressive if untreated. The questions which host factors regulate these very different outcomes of infection, by what mechanisms, and whether these can be used to combat disease remain unanswered. Leprosy has been one of the very first human diseases in which human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes were demonstrated to codetermine disease outcome. Jon van Rood was among the earliest researchers to recognize the potential of this ancient disease as a human model to dissect the role of HLA in disease. Decades later, it is now clear that HLA molecules display highly allele-specific peptide binding capacity. This restricts antigen presentation to M. leprae-reactive T cells and controls the magnitude of the ensuing immune response. Furthermore, specific peptide/HLA class II complexes can also determine the quality of the immune response by selectively activating regulatory (suppressor) T cells. All these factors are believed to contribute to leprosy disease susceptibility. Despite the global reduction in leprosy disease prevalence, new case detection rates remain invariably high, demonstrating that treatment alone does not block transmission of leprosy. Better tools for early detection of preclinical M. leprae infection, likely the major source of unidentified transmission, therefore is a priority. Newly developed HLA-based bioinformatic tools now provide novel opportunities to help combat this disease. Here, we describe recent work using HLA-DR peptide binding algorithms in combination with recently elucidated genome sequences of several different mycobacteria. Using this postgenomic HLA-based approach, we were able to identify 12 candidate genes that were unique to M. leprae and were predicted to contain T cell epitopes restricted via several major HLA-DR alleles. Five of these antigens (ML0576, ML1989, ML1990, ML2283, ML2567) were indeed able to induce significant T cell responses in paucibacillary leprosy patients and M. leprae-exposed healthy controls but not in most multibacillary leprosy patients, tuberculosis patients, or endemic controls...(AU). Descriptors: Motivos de Aminoácidos Anticorpos Antibacterianos/BL Antígenos de Bactérias/IM Sítios de Ligação Epitopos de Linfócito T Genes Classe II do Complexo de Histocompatibilidade (MHC) Genoma Bacteriano Glicolipídeos/IM Antígenos HLA-DR/*GE/IM Hanseníase/DI/*IM/MI Hanseníase Virchowiana/DI/IM/MI Hanseníase Tuberculóide/DI/IM/MI Mycobacterium leprae/GE/*IM Linfócitos T/IM/MI Limits: HUMANO Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov´t Location: BR191.1; 09362/S

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Id: 17560 Author: Honore, N Title: Le genome de Mycobacterium leprae: de l'analyse de la sequence aux enjeux therapeutiques The Mycobacterium leprae genome: from sequence analysis to therapeutic implications- Source: s.l; s.n; 2002. 7 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: The genome of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, was analyzed by rapid sequencing of cosmids and plasmids prepared from DNA isolated from one patient's strain. Results showed that the bacillus possesses a single circular chromosome that differs from other known mycobacterium chromosomes with regard to size (3.2 Mb) and G + C content (57.8%). Computer analysis demonstrated that only half of the sequence contains protein-coding genes. The other half contains pseudogenes and non-coding sequences. These findings indicate that M. leprae has undergone a major reductive evolution leaving a minimal set of functional genes for survival. Study of the coding region of the sequence provides evidence accounting for the particular pathogenic properties of M. leprae which is an obligate intracellular parasite. Disappearance of numerous enzymatic pathways in comparison with M. tuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen comparable to M. leprae, could explain the differences observed between the two organisms. Genomic analysis of the leprosy bacillus also provided insight into the molecular basis for resistance to various antibiotics and allowed identification of several potential targets for new drug treatments. (AU). Descriptors: Cromossomos Bacterianos/*GE Cosmídeos/GE DNA Bacteriano/*AN Genoma Hanseníase/DT/*PP Mycobacterium leprae/*GE/*PY/PH Plasmídeos Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Análise de Sequência de DNA/* Limits: Humanos Location: BR191.1; 09339/s

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Id: 17558 Author: Monot, Marc; Honore, Nadine; Garnier, Thierry; Araoz, Romulo; Coppee, Jean-Yves; Lacroix, Celine; Sow, Samba; Spencer, John S; Truman, Richard W; Williams, Diana L; Gelber, Robert; Virmond, Marcos; Flageul, Beatrice; Cho, Sang-Nae; Ji, Baohong; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Convit, Jacinto; Young, Saroj; Fine, Paul E; Rasolofo, Voahangy; Brennan, Patrick J; Cole, Stewart T Title: On the origin of leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; May 2005. 3 p. ilus, mapas, tab, graf. Abstract: Leprosy, a chronic human disease with potentially debilitating neurological consequences, results from infection with Mycobacterium leprae. This unculturable pathogen has undergone extensive reductive evolution, with half of its genome now occupied by pseudogenes. Using comparative genomics, we demonstrated that all extant cases of leprosy are attributable to a single clone whose dissemination worldwide can be retraced from analysis of very rare single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The disease seems to have originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. Europeans or North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years. (AU). Descriptors: Genoma Bacteriano Sequências Repetitivas Dispersas Hanseníase/EP/*HI/MI/TM Mycobacterium leprae/CL/*GE Limits: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Humanos História do Século 18 História do Século 19 História Antiga Location: BR191.1; 09337/s

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Id: 13931 Author: Honore, N Title: Le genome de Mycobacterium leprae: de l'analyse de la sequence aux enjeux therapeutiques The Mycobacterium leprae genome: from sequence analysis to therapeutic implications- Source: s.l; s.n; 2002. 7 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: L'analyse génomique de Mycobacterium leprae, l'agent pathogène de la lèpre, a été réalisée grâce au séquençage à haut débit des cosmides et plasmides préparés à partir de l'ADN d´une souche isolée d'un patient. Elle a montré que ce bacille possède un seul chromosome circulaire, dont la taille (3,2Mb) et la composition en G+C (57,8%) sont réduits par rapport aux austres chromosomes mycobactériens connus. L'analyse informatique de la séquence a mis en évidence que seule la moitié de la séquences est codante. L'autre moitié contient des pseudogènes et des séquences non codantes. Le génome de M. leprae a donc subi une évolution réductive très importante qui ne lui a laissé qu'un set minimun de gènes fonctionnels pour vivre. Les informations déduites de la partie codante de la séquence permettent d'appréhender les propriétés biologiques particulières de cet agent infectieux à développement intra-cellulaire obligatoire. De plus, la disparition de nombreuses voies enzymatiques par rapport à M. tuberculosis, autre pathogène intra-cellulaire en certains points semblable à M. leprae, explique les différences observées entre les deux organismes. Enfin, l'analyse génomique du bacille lépreux permet de comprendre les bases moléculaires de sa résistance à différents antibiotiques et d'identifier des cibles potentielles pour la mise au point de nouveaux traitements. (AU). Descriptors: DNA BACTERIANO/anal CROMOSSOMOS BACTERIANOS/genet COSMIDIOS/genet HANSENIASE/quimioter HANSENIASE/fisiopatol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/genet MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/fisiol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/patogen GENOMA PLASMIDEOS ANALISE DE SEQUÊNCIA DE DNA Limits: HUMANO SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T RESUMO EM INGLES Location: BR191.1; 09108/s

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Id: 12841 Author: Vissa, Varalakshmi D; Brennan, Patrick J Title: The genome of Mycobacterium leprae: minimal mycobacterial gene set ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2001. 8 p. ilus. Descriptors: membrana celular evolução molecular genoma bacteriano mycobacterium leprae Location: BR191.1; 08933/s

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Id: 12123 Author: Cole, S. T; Eigimeier, K; Parkhill, J; James, K. D; Thomson, N. R; Wheeler, P. R; Honore, N; Garnier, T; Churcher, C; Harris, D; Mungall, K; Basham, D; Brown, D; Chillingworth, T; Connor, R; Davies, R. M; Devlin, K; Duthoy, S; Feltwell, T; Fraser, A; Hamlin, N; Holroyd, S; Hornsby, T; Jagels, K; Lacroix, C; Maclean, J; Moule, S; Murphy, L; Oliver, K; Quail, M. A; Rajandream, M.-A; Rutherford, K. M; Rutter, S; Seeger, K; Simon, S; Simmonds, M; Skelton, J; Squares, S; Stevens, K; Taylor, K; Whitehead, S; Woodward, J. R; Barrell, B. G Title: Massive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus ..- Source: s.l; s.n; feb. 2001. 5 p. ilus, tab, graf. Descriptors: TATUS DNA BACTERIANO METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO EVOLUÇAO MOLECULAR GENOMA BACTERIANO HANSENIASE DADOS DE SEQUENCIA MOLECULAR GENES REITERADOS MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE ANALISE DE SEQUENCIA DE DNA Transferência Genética Horizontal Limits: ANIMAL Location: BR191.1; 08699/s

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Id: 11681 Author: Rambukkana, Anura Title: M. leprae genome sequence ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2001. 1 p. . Descriptors: HANSENIASE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE SEQUENCIA DE BASES GENOMA BACTERIANO ANALISE DE SEQUENCIA DE DNA Location: BR191.1; 08473/s

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Id: 11472 Author: Dockrell, Hazel M; Brahmbhatt, Shweta; Robertson, Brian D; Britton, Sven; Fruth, Uli; Gebre, Negussie; Hunegnaw, Mesfin; Hussain, Rabia; Manandhar, Rakesh; Murillo, Luis; Pessolani, Maria Cristina V; Roche, Paul; Salgado, Jorge L; Sampaio, Elizabeth; Shahid, Firdaus; Thole, Jelle E. R; Young, Douglas B Title: A postgenomic approach to identification of mycobacterium leprae-specific peptides as T-cell reagents ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2000. 10 p. tab, graf. Descriptors: HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE SEQUENCIA DE AMINOACIDOS ANTIGENOS DE BACTÉRIAS ANTIGENOS DE BACTÉRIAS EPITOPOS DE LINFOCITO T EPITOPOS DE LINFOCITO T GENOMA BACTERIANO ANTIGENOS HLA-DR ANTIGENOS HLA-DR TRANSFORMAÇAO LINFOCITICA DADOS DE SEQUENCIA MOLECULAR PEPTIDIOS PEPTIDIOS ESPECIFICIDADE DE ESPÉCIES LINFOCITOS T Location: BR191.1; 08351/s

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Id: 11455 Author: Skamene, Emil; Schurr, Erwin; Gros, Philippe Title: Infection genomics: Nramp1 as a major determinant of natural resistance to intracellular infections ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1998. 13 p. . Descriptors: ALELOS ANTITUBERCULOSOS INFECÇOES BACTERIANAS INFECÇOES BACTERIANAS INFECÇOES BACTERIANAS INFECÇOES BACTERIANAS PROTEINAS DE TRANSPORTE SURTOS DE DOENÇAS SUSCETIBILIDADE A DOENÇA GENOMA BACTERIANO GENOMA HUMANO GENOMA DE PROTOZOARIO LEISHMANIOSE LEISHMANIOSE IMUNIDADE NATURAL LEPROSTATICOS HANSENIASE HANSENIASE HANSENIASE HANSENIASE LIGAÇAO (GENÉTICA) MACROFAGOS PROTEINAS DA MEMBRANA CAMUNDONGOS MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECÇOES POR SALMONELLA INFECÇOES POR SALMONELLA TUBERCULOSE TUBERCULOSE TUBERCULOSE TUBERCULOSE Predisposição Genética para Doença Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ANIMAL Location: BR191.1; 08338/s

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Id: 11438 Author: Cole, S. T; Eigimeier, K; Parkhill, J; James, K. D; Thomson, N. R; Wheeler, P. R; Honoré, N; Garnier, T; Churcher, C; Harris, D; Mungall, K; Basham, D; Brown, D; Chillingworth, T; Connor, R; Davies, R. M; Devlin, K; Duthoy, S; Feltwell, T; Fraser, A; Hamlin, N; Holroyd, S; Hornsby, T; Jagels, K; Lacroix, C; Maclean, J; Moule, S; Murphy, L; Oliver, K; Quail, M. A; Rajandream, M.-A; Rutherford, K. M; Rutter, S; Seeger, K; Simon, S; Simmonds, M; Skelton, J; Squares, R; Stevens, K; Taylor, K; Whitehead, S; Woodward, J. R; Barrell, B. G Title: Masssive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2001. 5 p. ilus, tab, graf. Descriptors: TATUS METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO DNA BACTERIANO EVOLUÇAO MOLECULAR GENOMA BACTERIANO HANSENIASE DADOS DE SEQUENCIA MOLECULAR GENES REITERADOS MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE ANALISE DE SEQUENCIA DE DNA Transferência Genética Horizontal Location: BR191.1; 08320/s

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Id: 9979 Author: Young, Douglas B; Cole, Stewart T Title: Leprosy, tuberculosis, and the new genetics ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1993. 6 p. tab. Descriptors: RESISTENCIA MICROBIANA A DROGAS GENOMA BACTERIANO HANSENIASE HANSENIASE HANSENIASE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TUBERCULOSE TUBERCULOSE TUBERCULOSE VIRULENCIA Location: BR191.1; 06623/s

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