Database : HANSEN Search on : MACROFAGOS [Subject descriptor] References found : 87 [refine] Displaying: 1 .. 20   in format [Detailed]

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Id: 19873 Author: Rojas-Espinosa, Oscar; Camarena-Servin, Veronica; Estrada-Garcia, Iris; Arce-Paredes, Patricia; Wek-Rodriguez, Kendy. Title: Mycobacterium lepraemurium, a well-adapted parasite of macrophages: I. Oxygen metabolites. Source: Int. J. Lepr;66(3):365-373, Sept. 1998. tab, graf. Abstract: We measured the release of reactive oxygen intermediaries [ROI (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion)] by murine peritoneal macrophages challenged in vitro with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM), complement-opsonized yeast, M. bovis BCG, M. phlei, or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). We found that except for MLM, all of the other materials provoked the release of significant amounts of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. MLM entered the macrophages without triggering their oxidative metabolism. Pre-infection of macrophages with MLM did not alter these cells' capacity to release the normal amounts of ROI in response to other microorganisms or PMA. Killing of MLM did not revert the macrophages' failure to release ROI upon ingestion of the microorganism, nor were macrophages able to produce these toxic metabolites when pre-incubated in the presence of murine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). MLM has several attributes that allow it to survive within macrophages: a) it is a nontoxigenic microorganism (it does not harm its host), b) it resists the harsh conditions of the intraphagolysosomal milieu (a property perhaps dependent on its thick lipidic envelope), and c) it penetrates the macrophages without triggering their oxidative response (thus avoiding the generation of the toxic intermediaries of oxygen). For these attributes (and others discussed in this paper), we recognize MLM as a highly evolved, well-adapted parasite of macrophages. In addition, the results of the present study prompted the analysis of the biochemical pathways used by MLM and M. bovis BCG to penetrate into their cellular hosts, a subject now under investigation in our laboratory. (AU)^ien. Descriptors: Macrófagos Peritoneais/ef drogas Macrófagos Peritoneais/metab Macrófagos Peritoneais/microbiol Mycobacterium lepraemurium/fisiol Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1998/pdf/v66n3/v66n3a07.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19625 Author: Shimizu, Toshiaki; Maw, Win Win; Tomioka, Haruaki. Title: Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta in regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with M. Leprae. Source: Int. J. Lepr;67(1):36-45, Mar., 1999. tab, graf. Abstract: Profiles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi s) infected with Mycobacterium leprae during cultivation were examined with special reference to the regulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). When M phi s were infected with M. leprae or stimulated with heat-killed M. leprae at day 0, their ICAM-1 expression, measured in terms of the ratio of M phi s positively stained with anti-ICAM-1 antibody (Ab), rapidly increased, peaking during days 1 to 3 and thereafter fell, returning to the normal level by day 7. The addition of TNF-alpha or anti-TGF-beta Ab inhibited the middle phase (day 7) downregulation of M phi ICAM-1 expression, although the late-phase (day 14) downregulation of ICAM-1 was not prevented by them. M. leprae-infected M phi s released small amounts of TNF-alpha and significant amounts of TGF-beta into the culture medium. This may indicate that M. leprae-infected M phi s produced the majority of TNF-alpha in a membrane-bound form. Alternatively, endogenous TNF-alpha might upregulate M phi ICAM-1 expression even at very low concentrations. In any case, these findings indicate the central roles of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta in the early phase upregulation and the middle-to-late phase downregulation, respectively, of ICAM-1 expression by M. leprae-infected M phi s. (AU)^ien. Descriptors: Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunol Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiol Macrófagos/imunol Macrófagos/microbiol Mycobacterium leprae/imunol Mycobacterium leprae/fisiol Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1999/pdf/v67n1/v67n1a06.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19600 Author: Yamagami, A. Title: Aggregation phenomenon of cultivated blood macrophages isolated from leprosy patients. Source: Int. J. Lep;57(4):873-874, dec. 1989. . Descriptors: Hanseníase/imunol Hanseníase/terap Macrófagos/imunol Macrófagos/fisiol Limits: Humanos Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1989/pdf/v57n4/v57n4cor05.pdf / en Location: Br191.1

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Id: 19497 Author: Park, Eunkyue; Levis, Willian R; Quinn, Michael R; Park, Seung Yong; Schuller-Levis, Georgia B. Title: Regulation of nitric oxide induced by mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in murine macrophages: effects of interferon-B and taurine-chloramine. Source: Int. J. Lepr;68(4):444-451, Dec., 2000. graf. Abstract: We examined the effects of interferon beta (IFN-beta) on the production of liporabinomannan (LAM)-induced nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal macrophages from low-responder and high-responder (C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ) mice. NO was produced in a dose response when induced by lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) or LAM plus interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or IFN-beta in both high- and low-responder mice. In contrast to IFN-gamma, both high- and low-responder mice failed to induce nitrite production when IFN-beta was added, except at a high concentration of IFN-beta. Tau-Cl (0.5 mM) inhibited NO production about 50% in the high-responder strain when cells were activated with LPS or LAM in combination with either IFN-beta or IFN-gamma, and almost abolished NO production at 1.0 mM. In the low-responder strain, Tau-Cl (0.5 mM) significantly inhibited NO production when cells were activated with IFN-gamma or IFN-beta in addition to LPS or LAM, but did not completely inhibit NO production at 1.0 mM. Tau-Cl appears to play a potent role in regulating inflammatory reaction-induced bacterial or mycobacterial organisms. These data indicate a pivotal role for IFN-gamma and IFN-beta for the production of LPS and LAM initiated NO in peritoneal macrophages from low-responder (C3H/HeJ) mice. (AU)^ien. Descriptors: Macrófagos/imunol Micobactérias Atípicas/imunol Óxido Nítrico/imunol Interferon beta/imunol Limits: Camundongos Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2000/pdf/v68n4/v68n4a06.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19383 Author: Park, Eunkyue; Schuller-Levis, Georgia; Park, Seung Yong; Jia, Jun Hua; Levis, William R. Title: Pentoxifylline downregulares nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a induced by mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in a macrophage cell line. Source: Int. J. Lepr;69(3):225-233, Sept., 2001. ilus, tab, graf. Abstract: Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). We have had limited success in treating leprosy reactions, including erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), in which TNF-alpha has been identified as a major proinflammatory cytokine. PTX inhibited production of NO (IC50 approximately equal to 1.0 mg/ml) and TNF-alpha (IC50 approximately equal to 0.05 mg/ml) in a dose-dependent fashion. As little as 0.5 mg/ml of PTX decreased NO production and 0.01 mg/ml of PTX inhibited TNF-alpha production. Western blot analyses demonstrated that iNOS was suppressed by PTX. Northern blot analyses showed significant reduction of TNF-alpha mRNA. We conclude that PTX is an effective inhibitor of lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-induced TNF-alpha production at both the product and transcriptional levels in our macrophage cell line. PTX also showed moderate inhibition of NO at the product level as well as translation of iNOS. (AU)^ien. Descriptors: Pentoxifilina/sint quim Pentoxifilina/imunol Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sint quim Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunol Macrófagos/imunol Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2001/pdf/v69n3/v69n3a07.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 19308 Author: Shimizu, Toshiaki; Tomioka, Haruaki; Matsuoka, Masanori; Sano, Chiaki. Title: Profiles of the mRNA expression by macrophages infected with mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium avium complex. Source: Int. J. Lepr;70(4):250-259, Dec., 2002. ilus, tab. Abstract: In the present study, we examined profiles of the interaction of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) with murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi s) in terms of up-regulation of M phi expression of proinflammatory and immunosuppressing cytolines (CKs) after infection. First, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay revealed that both MAC and M. leprae infections up-regulated M phi mRNA expression IL-12, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and transformating growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), except that M. leprae-infected M phi s showed no increase in the IL-12 mRNA expression. Second, the RT-PCR assay also showed some differences between M. leprae- and MAC-infected M phi s with respect to the modes of IL-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. That is MAC, but not M. leprae, infection caused a prolonged increase in the expression of IL-10 and iNOS mRNAs. Third, a ribonuclease protection assay revealed that M phi s co-infected with MAC and M. leprae showed the Il-12, TNF-alpha and IL-10 mRNA expression in an intermediate mode of those of M phi s infected with either M. leprae or MAC alone. This implies that the CK expression of M. leprae-infected M phi s may be modified by co-infection with MAC. These findings may suggest differential interactions of M. leprae and MAC organisms with murine peritoneal M phi s in terms of the activation of signal transduction pathways for expression of some kinds of immunoregulatory cytokines and immunoprotective enzymes.(AU)^ien. Descriptors: RNA/genet RNA/imunol Macrófagos/citol Macrófagos/fisiol Mycobacterium avium/citol Mycobacterium avium/genet Mycobacterium leprae/citol Mycobacterium leprae/genet Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/2002/pdf/v70n4/v70n4a02.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 18431 Author: Sunderkotter, Cord H; Tomimori-Yamashita, Jane; Nix, Verena; Maeda, Solange M; Sindrilaru, Anca; Mariano, Mario; Sorg, Clemens; Roth, Johannes Title: High expression of myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 characterizes an inflammatory active but ineffective response of macrophages during leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2004. 9 p. ilus, tab, graf. Abstract: Macrophages are decisive cells for the course of leprosy as they phagocytose Mycobacterium leprae and have the potential to influence the specific immune response. Expression and release of the myeloid-related protein (MRP) 8 and MRP14 (S100A8 and S100A9) characterize a proinflammatory subtype of macrophage that is prominent in, for example, murine infection with lack of a T helper 1 cell response and in certain highly active chronic inflammations of mice and humans. We investigated cutaneous biopsies of the different forms of leprosy (41 untreated patients) including leprosy reaction type 1 (reversal reaction) and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum) (n=18) for expression of MRP8 and MRP14 by subtupes of macrophages. Concomitantly we determined serum levels of MRP8 and MRP14 by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of MRP8 and MRP14 by CD68-positive macrophages was low in tuberculoid leprosy and rose significantly in borderline tuberculoid leprosy and especially in multibacillary forms, there being expressed by mycobacteria-loaded foam cells. A significant rise of MRP8 and MRP14 expression also occurred in lepra reactions compared to the corresponding non-reactional forms. In type 2 reactions this additional increased was associated with a significant elevation of serum levels. In type 1 it was associated with expression of MRP8 and MRP14 by epitheloid and giant cells, which so far were considered not to express both proteins. In conclusion, we present evidence taht the two prominent proteins MRP8 and MRP14 can be re-expressed in vivo by tissue macrophages in chronic infection, that their increased expression is characteristic for a macrophage subtype associated with high inflammatory but low antimycobacterial activity in the absence of a T helper 1 response, and that their significant rise in serum during erythema nodosum leprosum bears diagnostic and pathophysiological relevance. (AU). Descriptors: MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/imunol CELULAS MIELOIDES/citol CELULAS MIELOIDES/imunol - MACROFAGOS/citol  MACROFAGOS/imunol  MACROFAGOS/microbiol  MACROFAGOS/fisiol Limits: HUMANO Location: BR191.1; 00690/s

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Id: 18237 Author: Abulafia, Jorge; Reis, Alba Lopes dos; Calb, Ignacio L Title: Sistema monocitico-macrofagico y Mycobacterium leprae: su importancia en la interpretacion patogenica de las distintas formas clinico-patologicas de la lepra y de las reacciones leprosas Monocyte-macrophage system and Mycobacterium leprae: its importance in the patogen interpretation of the different clinic-patology forms of the leprosy and the leprous reactions- Source: s.l; s.n; Ene.-Feb 1990. 36 p. ilus. Abstract: Se realiza una revision de la patogenia de la lepra (Hanseniasis), en sus vinculaciones con el "sistema monotitico-macrofagico" y se efectua el estudio histopatologico, histoquimico (lipidico) y con microscopia electronica de cuatro enfermos de lepra, dos lepromatosos (sin y con eritema nudoso) y otros dos dimorfos ("Borderline"). Se concluye que: 1) La lepra presenta sus manifestaciones clinico-patologicas mas ostensibles, en vinculacion con lesiones del "sistema manocitico-macrofagico". 2) Existem distintos comportamientos de los macrofagos frente al Mycobacterium leprae: a) en personas Mitsuda-positivos de puede demostrar el predominio de "macrofagos lisadores del M. leprae" con muerte y desaparicion de los bacilos; b)en individuos Mitsuda-negativos predominan los "macrofagos no-lisadores del M. leprae", que tambiem producen al muerte de los bacilos, pero con persistencia de la "envoltura lipidica bacilar", que se deposita en las vacuolas de los virchowianos: y c) en enfermos Mitsuda-negativos, luego de fromado el "granuloma virchowiano", se desarrollan los "macrofagos lisadores de las celulas de Virchow" que permitiram el recambio celular de los virchowianos. 3) los "macrofagos lisadores del M. leprae" obtienen informacion antigenica del "bacilo aislado" que puedem transmitir al sistema de inmunidad celular, cuyos linfocitos T activados generan los "granulomas epitelioides con celulas de Langhans" (granulomas tuberculoides), de la Lepra tuberculoide. 4) Los "macrofagos no-lisadores del M. leprae" no obtendrian infromacion antigenica adecuada y no tendrian capacidad para estimular ningun sistema inmunologico (celular, o humoral), originando los "granulomas virchowianos" de la lepra lepromatosa. 5) Luego del envejecimiento y muerte de los virchowianos, los "macrofagos lisadores de las celulas de Virchow" obtendrian informacion antigenica de los "bacilos degenerados asociados a lipidos y glucoproteinas citoplasmaticas", con capacidad de estimulacion del sistema inmunologico humoral cuyos linfocitos B activados generarian anticuerpos complejos: a) contra bacilos ubicados en los virchowianos en la reaccion leprosa tipo 2 (eritema nudoso leprotico); b) contra la pared de vasos en la reaccion leprosa tipo 3 (fenomeno de Lucio); y c) contra tejidos del huesped (enfermedad autoagresiva hanseniana-Azulay) (AU). Descriptors: FATOR ESTIMULADOR DE COLÔNIAS DE MACROFAGOS/bios FATOR ESTIMULADOR DE COLÔNIAS DE MACROFAGOS/uso diag MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/citol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/genet MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/fisiol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/patogen HANSENIASE/parasitol Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO HUMANO Location: BR191.1; 09283/s

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Id: 17315 Author: Kirkaldy, A. A; Musonda, A. C; Khanolkhar-Young, S; Suneetha, S; Lockwood, D. N. J Title: Expression of CC and CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors in human in human leprosy skin lesions ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 7 p. ilus, tab, graf. Abstract: We have investigated the expression of chemokines and their receptors in leprosy skin lesions using immunohistochemistry. Skin biopsies from 25 leprosy patients across the leprosy spectrum, 11 patients undergoing type I reversal reactions and four normal donors were immunostained by ABC peroxidase method using antibodies against CC and CXC chemokines and their receptors. Using an in situ hybridization technique we have also studied the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES and interleukin (IL)-8 chemokines mRNA in leprosy skin lesions. Chemokines and receptor expression was detected in all leprosy skin biopsies. Expression of CC chemokines MCP-1 (P < 0.01) and RANTES (P < 0.01) were elevated significantly in borderline tuberculoid leprosy in reversal reaction compared to non-reactional borderline tuberculoid leprosy, but there was no difference in the expression of IL-8 chemokine. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in the expression of CC (CCR2 and CCR5) and CXC (CXCR2) chemokine receptors across the leprosy spectrum. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the expression of mRNA for MCP-1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and IL-8 chemokines. Here, the presence of a neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 in leprosy lesions, which do not contain neutrophils, suggests strongly a role of IL-8 as a monocyte and lymphocyte recruiter in leprosy lesions. These results suggest that the chemokines and their receptors, which are known to chemoattract T lymphocytes and macrophages, are involved in assembling the cellular infiltrate found in lesions across the leprosy spectrum. (AU). Descriptors: Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/IM Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/IM Quimiocinas/*AN/GE Imunohistoquímica/MT Hibridização In Situ/MT Interleucina-8/GE Hanseníase/*IM Macrófagos/IM Proteína-1 Quimioatraente de Monócito/GE RANTES/GE RNA Mensageiro/AN Receptores CCR5/AN Receptores de Quimiocinas/*AN/GE Receptores de Interleucina-8B/AN Limits: Humano Pele/*IM Estatísticas não Paramétricas Location: BR191.1; 00253/s

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Id: 17284 Author: Moraes, M. O; Sarno, E. N; Almeida, A. S; Saraiva, B. C. C; Nery, J. A. C; Martins, R. C. L; Sampaio, E. P Title: Cytokine mRNA expression in leprosy; a possible role for interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 in reaction (RR and ENL) ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1999. 9 p. tab, graf, ilus. Abstract: Leprosy patients during the natural course of the disease may develop reactional episodes, namely reversal reaction (RR) and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Immunological events described as occurring during RR indicate up-regulation of the immune response, whereas in ENL the events are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vivo pattern of cytokine gene expression in the reactional states of leprosy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 14) and tissue samples (n = 17) obtained from patients with ENL and RR were obtained and assayed by RT-PCR. PBMC obtained from unreactional patients (n = 15) and normal individuals (n = 5) were also assessed. Expression of interferon (IFN)gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-2Rp55, perforin and IL-1beta mRNA in PBMC were detected mostly in ENL/RR patients, but not in unreactional patients. Likewise, cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and TNFbeta were also present in reactional and tuberculoid patients as opposed to lepromatous leprosy (BL/LL). Interestingly, the majority of ENL/RR patients showed messages for IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNFalpha in the skin. IFNgamma was detected in 84.6% (ENL) and 100% (RR) of the patients, whereas IL-4 was detected only in few individuals (38.5 and 25%, respectively). Although mRNA expression and protein levels may be different, the data reported in this study suggest a cytokine mRNA profile that seems to be indistinguishable for RR and ENL. In addition, it shows up-regulation of immuno-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and tissue of the same patient examined before and during reaction. Furthermore, it is suggested that this pattern of response results from an immunological reactivation that might lead to an acute inflammatory response in both reactional episodes. (AU). Descriptors: Sequência de Bases Estudos de Casos e Controles Citocinas/*GE Primers do DNA/GE Expressão Gênica Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos-Macrófagos/GE Interferon Tipo II/*GE Interleucina-12/*GE Hanseníase/*GE/*IM Glicoproteínas de Membrana/GE Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase RNA Mensageiro/BL/*GE/*ME Limits: Humano Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Location: BR191.1; 09183/s

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Id: 17275 Author: Bleharski, Joshua R; Li, Huiying; Meinken, Cristoph; Graeber, Thomas G; Ochoa, Maria-Teresa; Yamamura, Masahiro; Burdick, Anne; Sarno, Euzenir N; Wagner, Manfred; Röllinghoff, Martin; Rea, Thomas H; Colonna, Marco; Stenger, Steffen; Bloom, Barry R; Eisenberg, David; Modlin, Robert L Title: Use of genetic profiling in leprosy to discriminate clinical forms of the disease ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 4 p. . Abstract: Leprosy presents as a clinical and immunological spectrum of disease. With the use of gene expression profiling, we observed that a distinction in gene expression correlates with and accurately classifies the clinical form of the disease. Genes belonging to the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family were significantly up-regulated in lesions of lepromatous patients suffering from the disseminated form of the infection. In functional studies, LIR-7 suppressed innate host defense mechanisms by shifting monocyte production from interleukin-12 toward interleukin-10 and by blocking antimicrobial activity triggered by Toll-like receptors. Gene expression profiles may be useful in defining clinical forms of disease and providing insights into the regulation of immune responses to pathogens. (AU). Descriptors: Algoritmos Análise por Conglomerados Contagem de Colônia Microbiana Citocinas/GE/ME Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/* Regulação da Expressão Gênica/* Genes de Imunoglobulinas Imunidade Celular Imunidade Natural Hanseníase Virchowiana/*CL/*GE/IM/PP Hanseníase Tuberculóide/*CL/*GE/IM/PP Macrófagos Alveolares/MI Glicoproteínas de Membrana/IM Mycobacterium tuberculosis/GD/IM Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Análise de Componente Principal Receptores da Superfície Celular/IM Receptores Imunológicos/GE/ME Limits: Humano Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Regulação para Cima Location: BR191.1; 09174/s

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Id: 15629 Author: Salem, Isam Ismail; Steffan, Gerhard; Düzgünes, Nejat Title: Efficacy of clofazimine - modified cyclodextrin against Mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 10 p. graf. Abstract: Clofazimine, a water insoluble substituted iminophenazine derivative with anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, is recommended by the WHO for the treatment of leprosy. It is also active against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in HIV-infected patients. Recently, we achieved a 4000-fold increase of clofazimine water solubility using a novel modified clofazimine-cyclodextrin complex synthesized and patented by our group [Wasserlösliche, Iminiophenazinderivate enthaltende pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung, German Patent, DE19814814C2]. In this paper we examine the activity of this complex against MAC in human macrophages, and evaluate its cytotoxicity. MAC-infected macrophages were treated for 24h with free or complexed clofazimine. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of both free and complexed clofazimine were 0.1 microg/ml. Free and complexed clofazimine inhibited the growth of MAC inside macrophages to a similar extent, while modified cyclodextrin alone had no observable effects on MAC or macrophages. Complexed clofazimine was not toxic to cells at concentrations effective against MAC. The TD(50) of the modified cyclodextrin in THP-1 cell line was 297 microg/ml. (AU). Descriptors: ANTIINFECCIOSOS/quim ANTIINFECCIOSOS/farmacol ANTIINFECCIOSOS/tox CELULAS CULTIVADAS CLOFAZIMINA/quim CLOFAZIMINA/farmacol CLOFAZIMINA/tox MACROFAGOS/ef drogas TESTES DE SENSIBILIDADE MICROBIANA COMPLEXO MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM/ef drogas ESTEROIS/quim ACIDO SUCCINICO Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO HUMANO ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 09082/s

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Id: 13945 Author: Salem, Isam Ismail; Steffan, Gerhard; Düzgünes, Nejat Title: Efficacy of clofazimine - modified cyclodextrin against Mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 10 p. graf. Abstract: Clofazimine, a water insoluble substituted iminophenazine derivative with anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, is recommended by the WHO for the treatment of leprosy. It is also active against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in HIV-infected patients. Recently, we achieved a 4000-fold increase of clofazimine water solubility using a novel modified clofazimine-cyclodextrin complex synthesized and patented by our group [Wasserlösliche, Iminiophenazinderivate enthaltende pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung, German Patent, DE19814814C2]. In this paper we examine the activity of this complex against MAC in human macrophages, and evaluate its cytotoxicity. MAC-infected macrophages were treated for 24h with free or complexed clofazimine. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of both free and complexed clofazimine were 0.1 microg/ml. Free and complexed clofazimine inhibited the growth of MAC inside macrophages to a similar extent, while modified cyclodextrin alone had no observable effects on MAC or macrophages. Complexed clofazimine was not toxic to cells at concentrations effective against MAC. The TD(50) of the modified cyclodextrin in THP-1 cell line was 297 microg/ml. (AU). Descriptors: ANTIINFECCIOSOS/quim ANTIINFECCIOSOS/farmacol ANTIINFECCIOSOS/tox CLOFAZIMINA/quim CLOFAZIMINA/farmacol CLOFAZIMINA/tox CELULAS CULTIVADAS MACROFAGOS/ef drogas MACROFAGOS/microbiol TESTES DE SENSIBILIDADE MICROBIANA COMPLEXO MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM/ef drogas ESTEROIS/quim ACIDO SUCCINICO/quim Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO HUMANO ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 09082/s

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Id: 13656 Author: Bleharski, Joshua R; Li, Huiying; Meinken, Christoph; Graeber, Thomas G; Ochoa, Maria-Teresa; Yamamura, Masahiro; Burdick, Anne; Sarno, Euzenir N; Wagner, Manfred; Röllinghoff, Martin; Rea, Thomas H; Colonna, Marco; Stenger, Steffen; Bloom, Barry R; Eisenberg, David; Modlin, Robert L Title: Use of genetic profiling in leprosy to discriminate clinical forms of the disease ..- Source: s.l; s.n; Sep. 2003. 4 p. graf. Abstract: Leprosy presents as a clinical and immunological spectrum of disease. With the use of gene expression profiling, we observed that a distinction in gene expression correlates with and accurately classifies the clinical form of the disease. Genes belonging to the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family were significantly up-regulated in lesions of lepromatous patients suffering from the disseminated form of the infection. In functional studies, LIR-7 suppressed innate host defense mechanisms by shifting monocyte production from interleukin-12 toward interleukin-10 and by blocking antimicrobial activity triggered by Toll-like receptors. Gene expression profiles may be useful in defining clinical forms of disease and providing insights into the regulation of immune responses to pathogens. (AU). Descriptors: HANSENIASE VIRCHOWIANA/clas HANSENIASE VIRCHOWIANA/genet HANSENIASE VIRCHOWIANA/imunol HANSENIASE VIRCHOWIANA/fisiopatol HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE/clas HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE/genet HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE/imunol HANSENIASE TUBERCULOIDE/fisiopatol CITOCINAS/genet CITOCINAS/metab PERFILACAO DA EXPRESSÃO GÊNICA ANALISE POR CONGLOMERADOS CONTAGEM DE COLÔNIA MICROBIANA REGULACAO DA EXPRESSÃO GÊNICA IMUNIDADE CELULAR IMUNIDADE NATURAL MACROFAGOS ALVEOLARES/microbiol GLICOPROTEINAS DE MEMBRANA/imunol MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS/cresc MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS/imunol REACAO EM CADEIA DA POLIMERASE RECEPTORES IMUNOLOGICOS/genet RECEPTORES IMUNOLOGICOS/metab RECEPTORES DA SUPERFICIE CELULAR/imunol - REGULACAO PARA CIMA  Análise de Componente Principal  ALGORITMOS  GENES DE IMUNOGLOBULINAS  ANALISE DE SEQUÊNCIA COM SERIES DE OLIGONUCLEOTIDIOS Limits: SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T HUMANO SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 09142/s; BR191.1; 09145/s

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Id: 13554 Author: Marchiondo Alan A; Smith, Jerome H; File, Sharon K Title: Naturally occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos: ultrastructure of lepromatous lesions ..- Source: s.l; s.n; mar. 1980. 15 p. ilus. Abstract: An idependent survey of leprosy-like disease in wild armadillos was undertaken in the French Acadiana section of Louisiana in roder to arbitrate the controversy over the existence of this entity(21). As part of this study, material from lepromas was prepared for electron microscopy. Bacilli were concentrated in macrophages and were also found in capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts, but tjey were not observed in lymphocytes or plasma cells. Bacilli consisted of electron-dense fibrillogranular material limited by a pentalaminar membrane (inner trilaminate plasma membrane and outer bilaminate cell wall). Bacillary division was common and was manifested as irregularly coiled nuclear strands and transverse septation by ingrowth of the plasma membrane. Degenerating bacilli were numerous in large multinucleate macrophages. The host inflammatory infiltrate was comprised of active plasma cells, untransformed lymphocytes, and macrophages originating from circulating monocytes. Monocytes recently emerging from capillaries were small and had a relative paucity of bacilli and lysosomes. These monocytes increased in size, plasma membrane complexity, bacillary burden, numbers and varieties of heterophagic and autophagic lysosomes, numbers of nuclei and nucleolar activity. Replicating, interphase and degenerating bacilli were found within macrophage phagolysosomes or free in the cytoplasmic matrix often aggreated in ranks forming "cigar bundles". Bacilli were variably surrounded by an eletronlucent substance comparable to the "gloae" or "schleim layer" described in human leprosy. Aggregates of bacilli in "gloae" formed "foamy bodies" and rarely observed opaqe droplets. thus, the ultrastructural features of this disease in wild armadillos are identical to those seen in human leprosy and armadillos experimentally infected with Mycobacterium leprae from human lesions. The findings suggest that B lymphocyte-macrophage interaction may be the predominant mechanism of leproma formation.(AU). Descriptors: TATUS/microbiol FIBROBLASTOS/microbiol HANSENIASE/microbiol HANSENIASE/patol HANSENIASE/vet MACROFAGOS/microbiol MACROFAGOS/ultraest MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/ultraest XENARTROS/microbiol Limits: ANIMAL Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 00937/s

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Id: 13549 Author: Binford, Chapman H; Meyers, Wayne M; Walsh, Gerald P; Storrs, Eleanor E; Brown, Harriet L Title: Naturally acquired leprosy-like disease in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus Novemcinctus): histopathologic and microbiogic studies of tissues ..- Source: s.l; s.n; oct. 1977. 12 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Histopathologic studies were conducted on tissues from necropsies on 41 nine-banded armadillos from Louisiana with a natural disease resembling lepromatous leprosy, hereafter often referred to as the "natural disease". The lesions were composed of macrophages (histiocytes) containing numerous acid-fast bacilli and were similar those seen in armadillos experimentally inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae. Invasion of small and large nerves by phagocytes containing acid-fast bacilli was a characteristic feature of the natural disease. The Mycobacterium presumed to cause the disease was not cultivable on standard mycobacterial media; however, mycobacteria belonging to the M. avium-intracellulare group were cultivated from lymph nodes of 8 and the spleen of 1 of 32 of the diseased armadillos but not from other organs. Cultures of lymph node specimens and other organs from each of the remaining 24 diseased armadillos were negative. Acid-fastness of the bacilli in all tissues was abolished on exposure to pyridine. The bacilli were DOPA oxidase positive, but interpretation of this finding is difficult because some tissues from normal armadillos also gave positive reactions in the spot test employed. Histopathologic studies of tissue from autopsies on the 41 armadillos and microbiologic studies on tissues from 32 of the animals provided evidence indicating that the cause of the natural disease in armadillos may be M. leprae.(AU). Descriptors: TATUS/microbiol HANSENIASE/microbiol HANSENIASE/patol HANSENIASE/vet LINFONODOS/microbiol MACROFAGOS/microbiol MYCOBACTERIUM/isol PELE/microbiol PELE/patol Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ANIMAL SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 00571/s

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Id: 13545 Author: Convit, Jacinto; Avila, J. L; Goihman, M; Pinardi, M. E Title: A test for the determination of competency in clearing bacilli in leprosy patients ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1972. 6 p. ilus. Abstract: A skin test has been developed to determine the degree of competency in clearing bacilli from the tissues of patients suffering from various forms of leprosy. The test involves the intradermal ijection of a suspension of killed Mycobacterium leprae. The response of leprosy patients to the injection of other mycobacterial antigens, one prepared from M. lepraemurium and another from an atypical mycobacterium from a hamster, was also investigated in roder to study the isopathic phenomenon. Since lepromatous patients react negatively in tests with standard Mitsuda antigen, a concentration of 640 x 10(6) M. leprae per ml was used to producce macroscopic responses. The results of the test can be applied to determine the duration of consolidation treatment for lepromatous and indeterminate bacteriologically negative patients after regular treatment has ended. The test can also be used to indicate which Mitsuda-negative contacts should be given preventive treatment, and might be used to identify a given mycobacterium as M. leprae.(AU). Descriptors: ANTIGENOS DE BACTERIAS BIOPSIA HANSENIASE/imunol HANSENIASE/patol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAEMURIUM PELE/patol TESTES CUTÂNEOS - MACROFAGOS  METODOS  FAGOCITOSE Limits: HUMANO Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 00581/s

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Id: 13544 Author: Convit, Jacinto; Ulrich, Marian Title: Recent advances in the immunology of leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; apr. 1976. 14 p. ilus. Abstract: For many decades, interest in leprosy has been largely limited to those areas of the tropical and subtropical world where the disease constitutes an important public health problem.(AU). Descriptors: ANTICORPOS ANTIBACTERIAS COMPLEXO ANTIGENO-ANTICORPO REACOES ANTIGENO-ANTICORPO TECNICAS IMUNOLOGICAS HANSENIASE/quimioter HANSENIASE/imunol HANSENIASE/patol LINFOCITOS/imunol MACROFAGOS/imunol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/imunol - IMUNIZACAO PASSIVA  SINDROMES DE DEFICIÊNCIA IMUNOLOGICA/imunol  IMUNOTERAPIA  VACINACAO  IMUNIDADE  IMUNIDADE CELULAR  TATUS/imunol  MODELOS ANIMAIS DE DOENCAS Limits: HUMANO ANIMAL Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 00578/s

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Id: 13488 Author: Yamashita, Kiyoaki; Iwamoto, Toshiyuki; Iijima, Soichi Title: Immunohistochemical observation of lysozyme in macrophages in leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; sep. 1978. 7 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Lysozyme activities of skin granulomas of 24 patients in leprosy were studied. Lepra cells of all 15 lepromatous leprosy showed strong lysozyme activity in cytoplasma. In the specimens stained with lysozyme and Ziehl-Neelsen's carbolfuchsin double stain conspicuous lysozyme activity around M. leprae were observed. One borderline case was negative. Lysozyme of epithelioid cells and giant cells of 10 tuberculoid types were completely negative. These results suggest that lysozyme plays only a small role in the disposal of M. leprae in macrophages and other mechanisms than bacteriolytic function of lysozyme are responsible for the defence against these bacilli.(AU). Descriptors: HANSENIASE/enzimol MACROFAGOS/enzimol MACROFAGOS/microbiol MURAMIDASE/metab PELE/enzimol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/citol Limits: HUMANO Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 01308/s

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Id: 13487 Author: McKeever, Paul E; Walsh, Gerald P; Storrs, Eleanor E; Balentine, J. Douglas Title: Electron microscopy of peroxidase and acid phosphatase in leprous and uninfected armadillo macrophages: a macrophage subpopulation contains peroxisomes and lacks bacilli ..- Source: s.l; s.n; sep. 1978. 11 p. ilus. Abstract: Lepromatous tissue from armadillos inoculated 24--36 months earlier with Mycobacterium leprae was obtained for electron microscopic studies. Cytochemically stained lepromas revealed a subpopulation of macrophages containing peroxisomes. These peroxidase reactive macrophages were not infected with bacilli. Acid phosphatase was present in macrophages and many of these were infected with bacilli and contained vacuoles and lipid globules. Within the membrane-bound vacuoles, acid phosphatase surrounded bacilli. However, the reaction product ended abruptly at a 15--40 millimicron thick zone of low electron density surrounding intact bacilli. Acid phosphatase was more intensely reactive and localized less precisely in heavily infected and vacuolated macrophages than in lightly and non-infected cells. The effectiveness of this bacillary barrier and the numerous infected macrophages with substantial acid phosphatase argue against the ability of acid phosphatase to protect host cells from leprosy bacilli. Evidence suggests a protective action of peroxidase or the rapid turnover of macrophages within lepromas. Granular and membranous debris were commonly seen within vacuoles of infected macrophages. A portion of the debris was ultrastructurally similar to bacillary matrix and was nonreactive for peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Following homogenization and centrifugation, similar materials banded with bacilli above 60% sucrose. Another portion of the debris was ultrastructurally similar to host lysosomal matrix and was reactive for acid phosphatase. Results support the concept of dual host and parasitic origins of the debris found in phagolysosomes of infected macrophages. Transparent, oval Epon defects remained eccentric to the majority of intact bacilli in centrifuged fractions. Apparently, an intrinsic property of leprosy produced these Epon defects.(AU). Descriptors: PEROXIDASES/metab HISTOCITOQUIMICA MODELOS ANIMAIS DE DOENCAS MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/isol MACROFAGOS/enzimol MACROFAGOS/microbiol HANSENIASE/enzimol HANSENIASE/microbiol Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ANIMAL SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. FOSFATASE ACIDA/*ME TATUS Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 1307/s

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