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Id: 19625 Author: Shimizu, Toshiaki; Maw, Win Win; Tomioka, Haruaki. Title: Roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta in regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on murine peritoneal macrophages infected with M. Leprae. Source: Int. J. Lepr;67(1):36-45, Mar., 1999. tab, graf. Abstract: Profiles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi s) infected with Mycobacterium leprae during cultivation were examined with special reference to the regulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). When M phi s were infected with M. leprae or stimulated with heat-killed M. leprae at day 0, their ICAM-1 expression, measured in terms of the ratio of M phi s positively stained with anti-ICAM-1 antibody (Ab), rapidly increased, peaking during days 1 to 3 and thereafter fell, returning to the normal level by day 7. The addition of TNF-alpha or anti-TGF-beta Ab inhibited the middle phase (day 7) downregulation of M phi ICAM-1 expression, although the late-phase (day 14) downregulation of ICAM-1 was not prevented by them. M. leprae-infected M phi s released small amounts of TNF-alpha and significant amounts of TGF-beta into the culture medium. This may indicate that M. leprae-infected M phi s produced the majority of TNF-alpha in a membrane-bound form. Alternatively, endogenous TNF-alpha might upregulate M phi ICAM-1 expression even at very low concentrations. In any case, these findings indicate the central roles of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta in the early phase upregulation and the middle-to-late phase downregulation, respectively, of ICAM-1 expression by M. leprae-infected M phi s. (AU)^ien. Descriptors: Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunol Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/fisiol Macrófagos/imunol Macrófagos/microbiol Mycobacterium leprae/imunol Mycobacterium leprae/fisiol Electronic Medium: http://hansen.bvs.ilsl.br/textoc/revistas/intjlepr/1999/pdf/v67n1/v67n1a06.pdf / en Location: BR191.1

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Id: 18431 Author: Sunderkotter, Cord H; Tomimori-Yamashita, Jane; Nix, Verena; Maeda, Solange M; Sindrilaru, Anca; Mariano, Mario; Sorg, Clemens; Roth, Johannes Title: High expression of myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 characterizes an inflammatory active but ineffective response of macrophages during leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2004. 9 p. ilus, tab, graf. Abstract: Macrophages are decisive cells for the course of leprosy as they phagocytose Mycobacterium leprae and have the potential to influence the specific immune response. Expression and release of the myeloid-related protein (MRP) 8 and MRP14 (S100A8 and S100A9) characterize a proinflammatory subtype of macrophage that is prominent in, for example, murine infection with lack of a T helper 1 cell response and in certain highly active chronic inflammations of mice and humans. We investigated cutaneous biopsies of the different forms of leprosy (41 untreated patients) including leprosy reaction type 1 (reversal reaction) and type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum) (n=18) for expression of MRP8 and MRP14 by subtupes of macrophages. Concomitantly we determined serum levels of MRP8 and MRP14 by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of MRP8 and MRP14 by CD68-positive macrophages was low in tuberculoid leprosy and rose significantly in borderline tuberculoid leprosy and especially in multibacillary forms, there being expressed by mycobacteria-loaded foam cells. A significant rise of MRP8 and MRP14 expression also occurred in lepra reactions compared to the corresponding non-reactional forms. In type 2 reactions this additional increased was associated with a significant elevation of serum levels. In type 1 it was associated with expression of MRP8 and MRP14 by epitheloid and giant cells, which so far were considered not to express both proteins. In conclusion, we present evidence taht the two prominent proteins MRP8 and MRP14 can be re-expressed in vivo by tissue macrophages in chronic infection, that their increased expression is characteristic for a macrophage subtype associated with high inflammatory but low antimycobacterial activity in the absence of a T helper 1 response, and that their significant rise in serum during erythema nodosum leprosum bears diagnostic and pathophysiological relevance. (AU). Descriptors: MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/imunol CELULAS MIELOIDES/citol CELULAS MIELOIDES/imunol - MACROFAGOS/citol  MACROFAGOS/imunol  MACROFAGOS/microbiol  MACROFAGOS/fisiol Limits: HUMANO Location: BR191.1; 00690/s

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Id: 13945 Author: Salem, Isam Ismail; Steffan, Gerhard; Düzgünes, Nejat Title: Efficacy of clofazimine - modified cyclodextrin against Mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2003. 10 p. graf. Abstract: Clofazimine, a water insoluble substituted iminophenazine derivative with anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, is recommended by the WHO for the treatment of leprosy. It is also active against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in HIV-infected patients. Recently, we achieved a 4000-fold increase of clofazimine water solubility using a novel modified clofazimine-cyclodextrin complex synthesized and patented by our group [Wasserlösliche, Iminiophenazinderivate enthaltende pharmazeutische Zusammensetzungen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung, German Patent, DE19814814C2]. In this paper we examine the activity of this complex against MAC in human macrophages, and evaluate its cytotoxicity. MAC-infected macrophages were treated for 24h with free or complexed clofazimine. The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of both free and complexed clofazimine were 0.1 microg/ml. Free and complexed clofazimine inhibited the growth of MAC inside macrophages to a similar extent, while modified cyclodextrin alone had no observable effects on MAC or macrophages. Complexed clofazimine was not toxic to cells at concentrations effective against MAC. The TD(50) of the modified cyclodextrin in THP-1 cell line was 297 microg/ml. (AU). Descriptors: ANTIINFECCIOSOS/quim ANTIINFECCIOSOS/farmacol ANTIINFECCIOSOS/tox CLOFAZIMINA/quim CLOFAZIMINA/farmacol CLOFAZIMINA/tox CELULAS CULTIVADAS MACROFAGOS/ef drogas MACROFAGOS/microbiol TESTES DE SENSIBILIDADE MICROBIANA COMPLEXO MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM/ef drogas ESTEROIS/quim ACIDO SUCCINICO/quim Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO HUMANO ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 09082/s

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Id: 13554 Author: Marchiondo Alan A; Smith, Jerome H; File, Sharon K Title: Naturally occurring leprosy-like disease of wild armadillos: ultrastructure of lepromatous lesions ..- Source: s.l; s.n; mar. 1980. 15 p. ilus. Abstract: An idependent survey of leprosy-like disease in wild armadillos was undertaken in the French Acadiana section of Louisiana in roder to arbitrate the controversy over the existence of this entity(21). As part of this study, material from lepromas was prepared for electron microscopy. Bacilli were concentrated in macrophages and were also found in capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts, but tjey were not observed in lymphocytes or plasma cells. Bacilli consisted of electron-dense fibrillogranular material limited by a pentalaminar membrane (inner trilaminate plasma membrane and outer bilaminate cell wall). Bacillary division was common and was manifested as irregularly coiled nuclear strands and transverse septation by ingrowth of the plasma membrane. Degenerating bacilli were numerous in large multinucleate macrophages. The host inflammatory infiltrate was comprised of active plasma cells, untransformed lymphocytes, and macrophages originating from circulating monocytes. Monocytes recently emerging from capillaries were small and had a relative paucity of bacilli and lysosomes. These monocytes increased in size, plasma membrane complexity, bacillary burden, numbers and varieties of heterophagic and autophagic lysosomes, numbers of nuclei and nucleolar activity. Replicating, interphase and degenerating bacilli were found within macrophage phagolysosomes or free in the cytoplasmic matrix often aggreated in ranks forming "cigar bundles". Bacilli were variably surrounded by an eletronlucent substance comparable to the "gloae" or "schleim layer" described in human leprosy. Aggregates of bacilli in "gloae" formed "foamy bodies" and rarely observed opaqe droplets. thus, the ultrastructural features of this disease in wild armadillos are identical to those seen in human leprosy and armadillos experimentally infected with Mycobacterium leprae from human lesions. The findings suggest that B lymphocyte-macrophage interaction may be the predominant mechanism of leproma formation.(AU). Descriptors: TATUS/microbiol FIBROBLASTOS/microbiol HANSENIASE/microbiol HANSENIASE/patol HANSENIASE/vet MACROFAGOS/microbiol MACROFAGOS/ultraest MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/ultraest XENARTROS/microbiol Limits: ANIMAL Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 00937/s

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Id: 13549 Author: Binford, Chapman H; Meyers, Wayne M; Walsh, Gerald P; Storrs, Eleanor E; Brown, Harriet L Title: Naturally acquired leprosy-like disease in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus Novemcinctus): histopathologic and microbiogic studies of tissues ..- Source: s.l; s.n; oct. 1977. 12 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Histopathologic studies were conducted on tissues from necropsies on 41 nine-banded armadillos from Louisiana with a natural disease resembling lepromatous leprosy, hereafter often referred to as the "natural disease". The lesions were composed of macrophages (histiocytes) containing numerous acid-fast bacilli and were similar those seen in armadillos experimentally inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae. Invasion of small and large nerves by phagocytes containing acid-fast bacilli was a characteristic feature of the natural disease. The Mycobacterium presumed to cause the disease was not cultivable on standard mycobacterial media; however, mycobacteria belonging to the M. avium-intracellulare group were cultivated from lymph nodes of 8 and the spleen of 1 of 32 of the diseased armadillos but not from other organs. Cultures of lymph node specimens and other organs from each of the remaining 24 diseased armadillos were negative. Acid-fastness of the bacilli in all tissues was abolished on exposure to pyridine. The bacilli were DOPA oxidase positive, but interpretation of this finding is difficult because some tissues from normal armadillos also gave positive reactions in the spot test employed. Histopathologic studies of tissue from autopsies on the 41 armadillos and microbiologic studies on tissues from 32 of the animals provided evidence indicating that the cause of the natural disease in armadillos may be M. leprae.(AU). Descriptors: TATUS/microbiol HANSENIASE/microbiol HANSENIASE/patol HANSENIASE/vet LINFONODOS/microbiol MACROFAGOS/microbiol MYCOBACTERIUM/isol PELE/microbiol PELE/patol Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ANIMAL SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 00571/s

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Id: 13488 Author: Yamashita, Kiyoaki; Iwamoto, Toshiyuki; Iijima, Soichi Title: Immunohistochemical observation of lysozyme in macrophages in leprosy ..- Source: s.l; s.n; sep. 1978. 7 p. ilus, tab. Abstract: Lysozyme activities of skin granulomas of 24 patients in leprosy were studied. Lepra cells of all 15 lepromatous leprosy showed strong lysozyme activity in cytoplasma. In the specimens stained with lysozyme and Ziehl-Neelsen's carbolfuchsin double stain conspicuous lysozyme activity around M. leprae were observed. One borderline case was negative. Lysozyme of epithelioid cells and giant cells of 10 tuberculoid types were completely negative. These results suggest that lysozyme plays only a small role in the disposal of M. leprae in macrophages and other mechanisms than bacteriolytic function of lysozyme are responsible for the defence against these bacilli.(AU). Descriptors: HANSENIASE/enzimol MACROFAGOS/enzimol MACROFAGOS/microbiol MURAMIDASE/metab PELE/enzimol MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/citol Limits: HUMANO Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 01308/s

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Id: 13487 Author: McKeever, Paul E; Walsh, Gerald P; Storrs, Eleanor E; Balentine, J. Douglas Title: Electron microscopy of peroxidase and acid phosphatase in leprous and uninfected armadillo macrophages: a macrophage subpopulation contains peroxisomes and lacks bacilli ..- Source: s.l; s.n; sep. 1978. 11 p. ilus. Abstract: Lepromatous tissue from armadillos inoculated 24--36 months earlier with Mycobacterium leprae was obtained for electron microscopic studies. Cytochemically stained lepromas revealed a subpopulation of macrophages containing peroxisomes. These peroxidase reactive macrophages were not infected with bacilli. Acid phosphatase was present in macrophages and many of these were infected with bacilli and contained vacuoles and lipid globules. Within the membrane-bound vacuoles, acid phosphatase surrounded bacilli. However, the reaction product ended abruptly at a 15--40 millimicron thick zone of low electron density surrounding intact bacilli. Acid phosphatase was more intensely reactive and localized less precisely in heavily infected and vacuolated macrophages than in lightly and non-infected cells. The effectiveness of this bacillary barrier and the numerous infected macrophages with substantial acid phosphatase argue against the ability of acid phosphatase to protect host cells from leprosy bacilli. Evidence suggests a protective action of peroxidase or the rapid turnover of macrophages within lepromas. Granular and membranous debris were commonly seen within vacuoles of infected macrophages. A portion of the debris was ultrastructurally similar to bacillary matrix and was nonreactive for peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Following homogenization and centrifugation, similar materials banded with bacilli above 60% sucrose. Another portion of the debris was ultrastructurally similar to host lysosomal matrix and was reactive for acid phosphatase. Results support the concept of dual host and parasitic origins of the debris found in phagolysosomes of infected macrophages. Transparent, oval Epon defects remained eccentric to the majority of intact bacilli in centrifuged fractions. Apparently, an intrinsic property of leprosy produced these Epon defects.(AU). Descriptors: PEROXIDASES/metab HISTOCITOQUIMICA MODELOS ANIMAIS DE DOENCAS MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/isol MACROFAGOS/enzimol MACROFAGOS/microbiol HANSENIASE/enzimol HANSENIASE/microbiol Limits: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ANIMAL SUPPORT, U.S. GOV'T, P.H.S. FOSFATASE ACIDA/*ME TATUS Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 1307/s

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Id: 13199 Author: Chandi, S. M; Job, CK Title: The early cellular response to M. leprae ..- Source: s.l; s.n; jul. 1978. 13 p. . Abstract: The ultrastructural changes that develop in mouse peritoneal macrophages from 10 minutes up to 14 weeks after exposure to Mycobacterium leprae are presented. Phagocytosis occurred by a process of engulfment by cytoplasmic processes and incorporation into a phagosome, into which lysosomal enzymes were subsequently introduced. Electron transparent zones (E.T.Z.) were not observed around phagocytosed bacilli in this study, however discrete droplets of lipid-like material appeared in the cytoplasm of macrophages, between 2 and 4 weeks after ingestion of the micro-organisms. Phagosomes with double limiting membranes were observed in macrophages harvested as early as 40 minutes after exposure to M. leprae, contrary to the observations of Evans and Levy (1972).(AU). Descriptors: HANSENIASE/fisiopatol CAMUNDONGOS ENDOGÂMICOS CBA MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE/cresc FAGOCITOSE FATORES DE TEMPO MACROFAGOS/microbiol MACROFAGOS/ultraest Limits: ANIMAL CAMUNDONGOS Electronic Medium: http://www.ilsl.br Location: BR191.1; 02143/s

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Id: 11945 Author: Lockwood, Diana N. J; Colston, M. J; Khanolkar-Young, S. R Title: The detection of Mycobacterium leprae protein and carbohydrate antigens in skin and nerve from leprosy patients with type 1 (reversal) reactions ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 2002. 7 p. ilus, tab. Descriptors: HANSENIASE DIMORFA HANSENIASE DIMORFA MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE ANTICORPOS ANTIBACTÉRIAS ANTICORPOS MONOCLONAIS ANTIGENOS DE BACTÉRIAS BIOPSIA CHAPERONINAS CHAPERONINAS HIPERSENSIBILIDADE TARDIA IMUNOHISTOQUIMICA LIPOPOLISSACARIDIOS LIPOPOLISSACARIDIOS MACROFAGOS NERVOS PERIFÉRICOS NERVOS PERIFÉRICOS CÉLULAS DE SCHWANN PELE PELE Location: BR191.1; 08600/s

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Id: 10105 Author: Moura, A. C. N; Modolell, M; Mariano, M Title: Down-regulatory effect of Mycobacterium leprae cell wall lipids on phagocytosis, oxidative respiratory burst and tumour cell killing by mouse bone marrow derived macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1997. 6 p. ilus, tab, graf. Descriptors: PAREDE CELULAR DEPRESSAO QUIMICA HANSENIASE LIPIDIOS LIPIDIOS LIPOSSOMOS ATIVAÇAO DE MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS CAMUNDONGOS CAMUNDONGOS ENDOGAMICOS BALB C CAMUNDONGOS ENDOGAMICOS C57BL MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE FAGOCITOSE EXPLOSAO RESPIRATORIA SUPEROXIDOS CELULAS DA MEDULA OSSEA/*DE/PH CELULAS CULTIVADAS Limits: ANIMAL Location: BR191.1; 07046/s

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Id: 9923 Author: Krahenbuhl, James L; Adams, Linda B Title: The role of the macrophage in resistance to the leprosy bacillus ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1994. 22 p. graf. Descriptors: HANSENIASE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE CITOCINAS IMUNIDADE CELULAR MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS FAGOCITOSE VIRULENCIA Location: BR191.1; 06868/s

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Id: 9640 Author: Byrd, Sally; Gelber, Robert; Bermudez, Luiz E Title: Roles of soluble fibronectin and B1 integrin receptors in the binding of Mycobacterium leprae to nasal epithelial cells ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1993. 6 p. tab. Descriptors: HANSENIASE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE SEQUENCIA DE AMINOACIDOS PROTEINAS DE BACTÉRIAS LINHAGEM CELULAR EPITÉLIO FIBRONECTINAS INTEGRINAS LIGANTES MACROFAGOS SEPTO NASAL SEPTO NASAL OLIGOPEPTIDIOS ENSAIO RADIOLIGANTE LIGAÇAO PROTÉICA SOLUBILIDADE Location: BR191.1; 06552/s

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Id: 9476 Author: Chan, John; Fan, Xuedong; Hunter, Shirley W; Brennan, Patrick J; Bloom, Barry R Title: Lipoarabinomannan, a possible virulence factor involved in persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1991. 7 p. ilus, graf. Descriptors: DEPURADORES DE RADICAIS LIVRES INTERFERON TIPO II LIPOPOLISSACARIDIOS MACROFAGOS MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS SUPEROXIDOS TRANSCRIÇAO GENÉTICA VIRULENCIA PROTEINA QUINASE C Location: BR191.1; 06332/s

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Id: 9426 Author: Osawa, Nobutaka Title: Use of cycloheximide on intracellular growth of Mycobacterium leprae in cultured murine macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1991. 8 p. ilus, tab, graf. Descriptors: TÉCNICAS BACTERIOLOGICAS CICLOEXIMIDA MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS CAMUNDONGOS CAMUNDONGOS ENDOGAMICOS CBA MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE DIVISAO CELULAR Location: BR191.1; 06375/s

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Id: 3856 Author: Sharp, A. K; Colston, M. J; Banerjee, D. K Title: Susceptibility of Mycobacterium leprae to the bactericidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and to hydrogen peroxide ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1985. 7 p. tab. Descriptors: MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE LIQUIDO ASCITICO LIQUIDO ASCITICO MEDULA OSSEA PEROXIDO DE HIDROGENIO MACROFAGOS CAMUNDONGOS Location: BR191.1; 02696/s

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Id: 3801 Author: Prasad, H. K; Nath, Indira Title: Incorporation of 3H-thymidine in Mycobacterium leprae within differentiated human macrophages ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1981. 14 p. ilus, graf, tab. Descriptors: MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE DIFERENCIAÇAO CELULAR DNA BACTERIANO MACROFAGOS TIMIDINA TRITIO FATORES DE TEMPO Location: BR191.1; 02641/s

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Id: 3702 Author: Folse, Dean S; Smith, Jerome H Title: Leprosy in wild armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) on the Texas Gulf Coast: anatomic pathology ..- Source: s.l; s.n; 1983. 17 p. ilus, tab. Descriptors: HANSENIASE HANSENIASE HANSENIASE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES TATUS FIGADO FIGADO GANGLIOS LINFATICOS GANGLIOS LINFATICOS MACROFAGOS MACROFAGOS MEMBRANA MUCOSA MYCOBACTERIUM PELE PELE BAÇO BAÇO Location: BR191.1; 02539/s

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